Limitations on realizable response shapes for certain wide-band bandpass amplifier circuits

A procedure is described for the design of wide-band bandpass amplifiers using either stagger-tuned stages or a chain of feedback pairs to realize Cheby¿shev or Butterworth response shapes. A graphical test has been developed by which it is possible to verify, at the outset, that a given design specification is a realizable one. Certain fundamental limitations which are imposed upon the response shapes by the choice of these circuit configurations are revealed by this test. Thus it is shown that any response shape which may be realized by a chain of feedback pairs can also be realized with stagger-tuned stages, while the converse is not true. An example demonstrating the application of the procedure to a design problem has been included to demonstrate that the procedure for a Cheby¿shev response is no more complicated than for a Butterworth response, neither is any additional complication introduced by increasing the number of singularities in the desired response shape beyond the first pair, since each pair of singularities is separately realized.