Detecting Image Forgery Using Perspective Constraints

In visual perception, distant objects appear smaller than those close to the observer. To insert an object into an image, properly size a foreign object is difficult, especially when there is no reference object in the same distance. To detect this type of image forgery, we present a perspective-constraint based method, with which the height ratio of two objects in an image can be determined without any knowledge of the camera parameters. Assuming that the camera is held leveled and with negligible tilt, the height ratio can be found merely by a vanishing line of the plane on which both objects of interest is situated. Once the estimated ratio exceeds a tolerable interval, a forged region is identified. Experimental results show efficacy of the method even if the images to be tested have been down-sampled or compressed with a low quality factor.