Title :
The performance of pigtailed annealed proton exchange LiNbO3 modulators at cryogenic temperatures
Author :
McConaghy, C. ; Lowry, M. ; Becker, R.A. ; Kincaid, B.E.
Author_Institution :
Lawrence Livermore Nat. Lab., CA, USA
Abstract :
Integrated optic modulators have been proposed for transmitting signals from electronic and electrooptic devices which must operate at 77 K and colder. In this letter, the V/spl pi/ of LiNbO/sub 3/ modulators at temperatures as cold as 10 K are measured. A /spl sim/9.25% increase over room temperature values is seen. This increase is attributed primarily to a temperature dependence in r/sub 33/. In addition, temperature-induced insertion loss changes are evaluated for two different pigtailing techniques and one is shown to be suitable for cryogenic operation.
Keywords :
annealing; cryogenics; electro-optical modulation; fibre optic sensors; integrated optics; ion exchange; lithium compounds; optical losses; 10 K; 77 K; LiNbO/sub 3/; cryogenic operation; cryogenic temperatures; electrooptic devices; integrated optic modulators; pigtailed annealed proton exchange LiNbO/sub 3/ modulators; pigtailing techniques; room temperature; temperature dependence; temperature-induced insertion loss; transmitting signals; Annealing; Cryogenics; Electrodes; Electrooptic modulators; Integrated optics; Optical modulation; Protons; Temperature dependence; Thermal conductivity; Voltage;
Journal_Title :
Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE
