Grounding system analysis in transients programs applying electromagnetic field approach

Lightning protection studies of substations and power systems require knowledge of the dynamic behavior of large grounding grids during electromagnetic transients. This paper presents strategies which allow incorporation of complex grounding structures computed using a rigorous electromagnetic model in a transients programs. A novel technique for rational function representation of frequency-dependent grounding system impedances in the EMTP is described. An arbitrary number of feeding points can be modeled as mutual coupling is taken into account. Overvoltages throughout electrical power systems and the transient ground potential rise in the surroundings of grounding structures can be computed