Reduced-Noise Ionosphere-Free Carrier Smoothed Code

A new three-carrier smoothing method for Galileo signals is described. It provides a smoothed-code solution, which is ionosphere free to the first order and whose noise is reduced to subdecimeter level. The method involves integer ambiguities, which can be resolved reliably. The sensitivity of the new method to receiver biases and ionospheric delays of the second order is small. The performance of the three-carrier smoothing method reduces the averaging interval to 1/5th of its current standard value. The results refer to pseudo-ranges and are geometry independent.