Title :
Analysis and Design of an Ultralow-Power CMOS Relaxation Oscillator
Author_Institution :
Austriamicrosystems Switzerland AG, Rapperswil, Austria
Abstract :
This paper presents the design of a low-voltage ultralow-power relaxation oscillator without external components. The application field for this oscillator is the clock generation of low-power wake-up functions for battery-operated systems. A detailed analysis of the oscillator, including the temperature performance, is derived and verified with experimental results. The oscillator operates at a typical frequency of 3.3 kHz and consumes 11 nW from a 1-V supply at room temperature, and a temperature drift of less than 500 ppm/°C is achieved over the temperature range of -20°C to 80°C. An efficient design implementation has resulted in a cell area of 0.1 mm2 in a standard 0.35- μm digital CMOS technology.
Keywords :
CMOS digital integrated circuits; low-power electronics; oscillators; signal generators; battery-operated systems; clock generation; digital CMOS technology; frequency 3.3 kHz; low-power wake-up functions; low-voltage ultralow-power relaxation oscillator; power 11 nW; size 0.35 mum; temperature -20 degC to 80 degC; temperature 293 K to 298 K; temperature drift; ultralow-power CMOS relaxation oscillator design; voltage 1 V; CMOS integrated circuits; Clock generator; low power; low voltage; relaxation oscillators; weak inversion;
Journal_Title :
Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, IEEE Transactions on
DOI :
10.1109/TCSI.2010.2041504
