Title :
Butt-coupling efficiency of VCSELs into multimode fibers
Author :
Heinrich, J. ; Zeeb, E. ; Ebeling, K.J.
Author_Institution :
Daimler-Benz Res., Ulm, Germany
Abstract :
We report a detailed study on butt coupling efficiencies of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) to standard graded index multimode silica fibers. Coupling efficiency strongly depends on active laser diameter as well as index guiding and transverse mode spectrum of the laser. For typical active laser diameters of 16-20-μm coupling efficiencies of about 90% are obtained with weakly index guided proton-implanted vertical-cavity lasers (VCLs) whereas stronger index guided oxidized lasers show considerably lower coupling efficiencies between 75% and 55%, depending on driving currents.
Keywords :
III-V semiconductors; gallium arsenide; gradient index optics; indium compounds; ion implantation; laser cavity resonators; laser modes; optical fibre couplers; refractive index; surface emitting lasers; waveguide lasers; 16 to 20 mum; 55 percent; 75 percent; InGaAs; VCSEL; active laser diameter; active laser diameters; butt-coupling efficiency; coupling efficiencies; driving currents; index guiding; lower coupling efficiencies; multimode fibers; standard graded index multimode silica fibers; stronger index guided oxidized lasers; transverse mode spectrum; vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers; weakly index guided proton-implanted vertical-cavity lasers; Fiber lasers; Laser modes; Optical coupling; Optical fiber devices; Optical fibers; Optical surface waves; Silicon compounds; Surface emitting lasers; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers; Waveguide lasers;
Journal_Title :
Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE
