Perspectives on System of Systems for pilgrimage ritual guidance and management

People of different religions from all over the world perform the Pilgrimage ritual at least once in their life time. During such event millions of visitors every year gather in their holy places and they all move from one site to another throughout few days. Such a massive gathering, where people are walking shoulder by shoulder, has been an on-going challenge to Governments who strive to make this once-in-a-life-time experience as rewarding and as safe as possible to all and every single devoted visitor. This research describe a System of Systems developed for management of such pilgrimage mega event. The system provides an overall management required for handling, processing, supporting that vast number of people with so many different languages and culture throughout the Pilgrimage magnificent journey. The paper also describes the implementation of the system in a real world case at the Muslim Pilgrimage (Hajj) in Saudi Arabia where millions of people gather to perform religious rituals in specific places over a specific period of time. The implementation constitutes of dynamic collective work hardware and software platforms. A detailed discussion is presented for the overall system architecture, the individual hardware and software components, the Internet-based cloud data bases, and the developed system tools and services for authority control, pilgrim subscription, data management, travel control, navigation, education, entertainment, health and safety.