Universal winding for electrical-machine research

Since the emergence of pole-amplitude modulation as a new winding logic, which has now been shown to be applicable both to single-speed and to change-speed machines, interest in the theory of electrical-machine windings has been increased. To enable the student and the research worker to gain an insight into the subject by direct experimentation, at a moderate cost and with an enormous saving of time, a universal winding has been devised, which is capable of simulating the windings of an unlimited number of actual machines. Various embodiments and examples of this versatile winding are described in the paper.