Intrinsically live structures in process and resource-oriented Petri nets modeling automated manufacturing systems

As an effective and graphical mathematical tool, Petri nets are extensively used in the modeling, analysis, verification, and control of automated manufacturing systems. Process and resource-oriented Petri nets (POPNs and ROPNs) are successively proposed in literature focusing on the description of product process and resource usage sequence, respectively. Structural theory is applied on both to solve the deadlock control problem. In this work, a class of colored ROPNs (CROPNs) is defined corresponding to WS³PR that is a class of POPNs. A kind of intrinsically live structures (ILSs) is investigated in both POPNs and CROPNs. Several examples are used to illustrate the work.