A novel tri-state device implemented with a metal gated QCA

In this work, we demonstrate a novel tri-state device based on gated quantum-dot cellular automata. This device can be physically implemented by employing metal contacts and molecular quantum dot cells. Our simulations based on a simplified but realistic model show that the current-voltage transfer function of this device has good state separation, which indicates that this device would be feasible for implementation. We introduced a new, tri-state Hamiltonian, that reduces the amount of simulations when used in large-scale systems with thousands or millions of such devices.