Localization of multiple sources with moving arrays

We consider the problem of localizing multiple narrowband stationary signals using an arbitrary time-varying array such as an array mounted on a moving platform. We assume a Gaussian stochastic model for the received signals and employ the generalized least squares (GLS) estimator to get an asymptotically efficient estimation of the model parameters. In case the signals are a priori known to be uncorrelated, the estimator allows the exploitation of this prior knowledge to its benefit. For the important case of a translational motion of a rigid array, a computationally efficient spatial-smoothing method is presented. Simulation results confirming the theoretical results are included