Title :
Brightness temperature behavior of snow on lake ice over a wide frequency range
Author :
Hallikainen, Martti ; Vaaja, Matti ; Seppanen, Jaakko ; Hakkarainen, Anssi ; Kainulainen, Juha
Author_Institution :
Dept. of of Radio Sci. & Eng., Aalto Univ., Aalto, Finland
Abstract :
We have conducted airborne microwave radiometer campaigns over a test site consisting of two lakes and their immediate surroundings in Southern Finland since 2004 in order to (1) determine the effect of snow cover to the brightness temperature of lake ice, and to (2) compare the brightness temperatures for snow-covered lake ice and snow-covered terrain (both open and forested areas). Measurements have been conducted under a variety of weather and snow/ice conditions covering situations from early winter to melting season. Using the HUTRAD and HUT-2D radiometer systems a frequency range of 1.4 to 36.5 GHz is covered. Airborne measurements are always accompanied with in-situ data collection including relevant snow, ice, and terrain parameters.
Keywords :
lakes; snow; HUT-2D radiometer system; HUTRAD radiometer system; Southern Finland; airborne measurements; airborne microwave radiometer campaigns; frequency 1.4 GHz to 36.5 GHz; ice parameter; lake ice brightness temperature; snow brightness temperature behavior; snow cover effect; snow parameter; snow-covered lake ice; snow-covered terrain; snow-ice condition; terrain parameter; weather condition; wide frequency range; Brightness temperature; Ice; Lakes; Microwave radiometry; Snow; Temperature measurement; Microwaves; airborne radiometer; brightness temperature; lake ice; snow;
Conference_Titel :
Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2014 IEEE International
Conference_Location :
Quebec City, QC
DOI :
10.1109/IGARSS.2014.6946958
