Newton-Raphson algorithm for 3-phase load flow

One of the problems encountered in power-systems operation is the generation of unbalanced voltages and currents in the presence of long transmission lines with few or no transpositions, including possible unbalances arising in source and load conditions, or indeed any items of plant such as shunt and series reactors. To improve or investigate these unbalance effects in any detail, a 3-phase-load-flow solution that allows representation of all possible unbalances as they exist in the power-systems network without making any assumptions is essential. Consequently, a working Newton-Raphson algorithm is presented, which forms the basis of a computer program developed for the specific purpose of solving the 3-phase-load-flow problem. An indication of program facilities is given, together with sample results for illustration.