Abstract :
The surface-emitting laser (SEL) is considered one of the most important devices for optical interconnects and LANs, enabling ultra parallel information transmission in lightwave and computer systems. We introduce its history, fabrication technology, and discuss the advantages. Then, we review the progress of the surface emitting laser and the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), covering the spectral band from infrared to ultraviolet by featuring its physics, materials, fabrication technology, and performances, such as threshold, output powers, polarizations, line-width, modulation, reliability, and so on.
Keywords :
laser beams; laser cavity resonators; laser modes; laser reliability; light polarisation; optical fabrication; optical fibre communication; optical interconnections; optical modulation; optical transmitters; optoelectronic devices; reviews; semiconductor device reliability; semiconductor lasers; surface emitting lasers; LANs; advantages; computer systems; fabrication technology; history; infrared region; laser birth; lightwave systems; line-width; materials; modulation; optical interconnects; optoelectronics field; output powers; performances; physics; polarizations; reliability; review; spectral band; surface emitting laser; surface-emitting laser; threshold; ultra parallel information transmission; ultraviolet region; vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser; Concurrent computing; History; Infrared spectra; Laser theory; Optical computing; Optical device fabrication; Optical interconnections; Power lasers; Surface emitting lasers; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers;
