3-phase a.c./d.c. load flow

A phase-co-ordinate model of h.v. d.c. transmission systems suitable for integration into 3-phase load-flow analysis is developed in the paper. The model is sufficiently general to allow representation of alternative control strategies, such as the predictive and symmetrical firing control. The integration of the model into the load-flow analysis described with particular reference to the 3-phase fast-decoupled algorithm. The results indicate the flexibility and powerful convergence of the proposed algorithm.