Title :
Two Early Italian Key-Driven Calculators
Abstract :
Two almost forgotten keyboard calculators, the first by the Milanese Luigi Torchi (1834) and the second by the Florentine Tito Gonnella (1858), demonstrate technical features much ahead of their time. In particular, Torchi´s calculators seems to incorporate possibly the first direct-multiplication mechanism.
Keywords :
calculating apparatus; Italian key driven calculator; Torchi calculator; direct multiplication mechanism; keyboard calculator; Calculators; Clocks; History; Instruments; Keyboards; Printing; Production; Prototypes; Toy manufacturing industry; Writing; 19th century; Italy; Keyboard mechanical calculators; direct multiplication;
Journal_Title :
Annals of the History of Computing, IEEE
DOI :
10.1109/MAHC.2010.27
