Propagation characteristics of infinitely-long single-conductor lines by the complete field solution method

A complete field method of solution of the transmission-line problem has been used to obtain numerical values for the propagation parameters of an infinitely-long single-conductor line over lossy ground, and to establish from these results the order of errors which may occur when simpler methods of analysis are used. It is seen that Carson´s corrections are perfectly valid for medium or low ground resistivities and for operating frequencies in the power and power line carrier ranges. Deviations were found to arise when high ground resistivities were involved and under these conditions the differences extend to frequencies down to 1 kHz. The deviations arise from an apparently cyclic peaking of propagation losses occurring in the region of 106 and 1012 Hz. A near lossless propagation region exists between these two peaks. The results also provide new, clearer, physical reasons for the various changes in the propagation characteristics with operating frequency and ground parameters.