DocumentCode :
1440750
Title :
Co-ordination of spark-gap protection with zinc-oxide surge arresters
Author :
Haddad, A. ; German, D.M. ; Waters, R.T. ; Abdul-Malek, Z.
Author_Institution :
Sch. of Eng., Cardiff Univ., UK
Volume :
148
Issue :
1
fYear :
2001
fDate :
1/1/2001 12:00:00 AM
Firstpage :
21
Lastpage :
28
Abstract :
Zinc-oxide (ZnO) surge arresters are now well established as a very efficient and reliable form of overvoltage protection against both fast surges, such as those generated by lightning and gas-insulated switchgear, and high-energy surges generated by switching operations and temporary faults on the network. The addition of ZnO surge arresters to existing protection schemes reinforces the system´s reliability and the security of supply. The protection characteristics of the parallel configuration formed by arresters and existing spark gaps at distribution voltages are studied. Tests on various spark-gap geometries, with and without surge arresters in parallel, have been carried out to determine breakdown characteristics, probability curves and voltage-time characteristics for different impulse shapes. It is found that the introduction of the arrester in the circuit modifies the prospective impulse which results in the shift of the breakdown characteristics towards higher voltages. A proposed circuit model, based on laboratory test data, is used to simulate such parallel configurations. Good agreement between test and simulated results is obtained. As a result of these tests, it is recommended that gap-sparkover characteristics based on short-tail (about 5 μs) impulses are used for insulation co-ordination. The role of parallel air gaps in preserving the arrester energy-rating limits is also discussed
Keywords :
arresters; flashover; overvoltage protection; spark gaps; switching; zinc compounds; ZnO; ZnO arresters; arrester discharge current; arrester energy-rating limits preservation; breakdown characteristics; distribution voltages; fast surges; gap-sparkover characteristics; gas-insulated switchgear; high-energy surges; impulse shapes; insulation co-ordination; laboratory test data; lightning surges; overvoltage protection; parallel air gaps; parallel configuration; parallel configurations simulation; power supply security; probability curves; spark gaps; spark-gap geometries; spark-gap protection co-ordination; switching operations; system reliability; temporary faults; transient analysis; voltage-time characteristics; zinc-oxide surge arresters;
fLanguage :
English
Journal_Title :
Generation, Transmission and Distribution, IEE Proceedings-
Publisher :
iet
ISSN :
1350-2360
Type :
jour
DOI :
10.1049/ip-gtd:20010015
Filename :
903368
Link To Document :
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