Incorporating Large-Scale Distant Wind Farms in Probabilistic Transmission Expansion Planning—Part II: Case Studies

This paper is the second part of a two-paper set which comprehensively sets forth an innovative approach in transmission grid reinforcement studies in the presence of wind energy. Part I thoroughly defined the theory and algorithms. Here, to trace the feasibility of the proposed algorithm, three different case studies are implemented on the 24-Bus IEEE Reliability Test System (IEEE-RTS). The optimal solutions in Pareto fronts of different cases are reached, analyzed, and the final solution (optimal plan) of each case is obtained using the fuzzy decision making method. Moreover, in order to analyze the effects of variations in the large-scale wind farm generation on the transmission expansion planning (TEP) studies, the methodology is applied to the Iran 400-kV transmission grid. Two different generation expansion strategies are considered to investigate the impacts of various renewable energy policies on the TEP results. The wind energy-imposed costs of these two strategies are addressed, discussed, and compared to introduce some recommendations for wind integration policies.