FDCCII-based P, PI, PD and PID controllers

This paper presents a voltage-mode proportional-integral-derivative controller using fully differential current conveyors as active elements. The proportional gain, integral time constant and derivative time constant can be orthogonally controlled. The proportional, proportional-integral, proportional-derivative and proportional-integral-derivative controllers can be obtained by appropriately connecting the input and output terminals. The circuit possesses high-input impedance which is advantageous for cascade connection. The proposed structure is highly suitable for integrated circuit implementation by using only grounded passive comments. The PSPICE simulation results are included to confirm the workability of the proposed circuit.