Techniques in handling load regulating problems

RECENT UNPRECEDENTED load growth has stimulated parallel operation to such an extent that there are now only six major interconnections in the United States. The operation of these vast grids has brought two major problems into sharp focus: 1. Permissible scheduled loading on critical arterial tie lines is being reduced by the use of increasingly large cyclic swings. 2. Appreciable savings are being lost by the inability of operating personnel to maintain the loading on an increasing number of stations and units in accordance with incremental costs.