Direct voltage stabilizers in the range 10-100 kV with particular reference to degenerative systems

Methods of stabilizing high direct voltages are described, and it is concluded that the degenerative arrangement gives the best stability. The residual fluctuations then depend on the loop gain and the stability of the reference elements. The maximum loop gain which can be applied depends on the frequency response of the system. In practice, loop gains of the order of 1,000 are possible, so reducing the effect of mains voltage and load current fluctuations by this factor. Reference elements are reviewed, and it is concluded that wirewound resistance potential dividers or energy-analysers are the most stable, stabilities of the order of 1 in 10⁵ being obtained.