Response based system protection scheme against line overload cascades

A response based protection scheme which is capable of applying countermeasures as last line of defense against line overloading is presented. The scheme utilizes on-line measurements of voltages and currents, as well as line material parameters and weather data to apply a thermal on-line forecast. Thus, it is possible to estimate the remaining withstand time of all concerned overloaded lines. Therewith, suitable countermeasures and the optimal time for their execution can be determined. For the proof of concept, a detailed modeling concept of the thermal behavior of overhead lines in grid operation is performed in dynamic power system simulations.