Bi-iterative method for moving source localisation using TDOA and FDOA measurements

An efficient bi-iterative source location and velocity estimation method with time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) measurements is developed. The bi-iterative method calculates the source location and velocity alternately, which significantly reduces the computational cost. Most importantly, the estimation accuracy of the bi-iterative method is closer to the Cramer-Rao lower bound than that of other localisation methods. Simulation studies show the superior performance of the proposed method over existing localisation methods.