Design Envelopes and Optical Feature Extraction Techniques for Survivability of SnAg Lead-free Packaging Architectures Under Shock and Vibration

In this paper, a design-envelope approach based on optical feature extraction techniques has been investigated for drop and shock survivability of electronic packaging has been presented for 6-lead-free solder alloy systems. Solder alloy systems investigated include, Sn1Ag0.5Cu, Sn3Ag0.5Cu, Sn0.3Ag0.7Cu, Sn0.3Ag0.7Cu0.1Bi, Sn0.2Ag0.7Cu0.1Bi-0.1Ni, 96.5Sn 3.5Ag. Previously, digital image correlation (DIC) has been used for measurement of thermally induced deformation and material-characterization. In this paper, DIC has been used for transient dynamic measurements, and optical feature extraction. Board assemblies have been subjected to shock-impact in various orientations including the JEDEC zero-degree drop and the vertical free-drop. Transient deformation has been measured using both digital image correlation and the strain gages. Measurements have been taken on both the package and the board side of the assemblies. Accuracy of high-speed optical measurement has been compared with that from discrete strain gages. Package architectures examined include-flex ball-grid arrays, tape-array ball-grid arrays, and metal lead-frame packages. Explicit finite-element models have been developed and correlated with experimental data. Models developed include, smeared property models, and Timoshenko-beam models. The potential of damage identification and tracking for various solder alloys has been investigated. Data on identification of damage proxies for competing failure mechanisms at the copper-to-solder, solder-to-printed circuit board, and copper-to-package substrate has been presented. Design envelopes have been developed based on statistical pattern recognition. The design-envelope is intended for component integration to ensure survivability in shock and vibration environments at a user-specified confidence level.