A study of VLF antennas immersed in sea water: theoretical, numerical, and experimental results

Author

Benhabiles, B. ; Lacour, P. ; Pellet, M. ; Pichot, Christian ; Papiernik, A.

Author_Institution

Direction des Constructions Navales, Minist. of Defence, Toulon Naval, France

Volume

38

Issue

5

fYear

1996

fDate

10/1/1996 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

19

Lastpage

29

Abstract

The problem of receiving VLF electromagnetic fields with an underwater electric antenna is of great interest, especially for military-application purposes. In this study, a simple and closed-form expression for the E field in sea water is derived from two physical models, which agree but are different: the surface-wave theory and the Fresnel formulas. Three configurations of immersed receiving antennas are investigated by means of computer simulations. The scattered electric field and expected measured voltage are computed, using an EFIE [electric-field integral equation], and the method of moments (MoM). Then, an equivalent-circuit model of the underwater antenna is investigated, with a focus on two dominant antenna parameters: the impedance and the voltage measured between the wire terminals. Calculations and computed results are compared with off-shore measurements

Keywords

electric impedance; electric potential; electromagnetic wave scattering; equivalent circuits; integral equations; method of moments; military communication; receiving antennas; E field; EFIE; Fresnel formulas; VLF electromagnetic fields; closed-form expression; electric-field integral equation; equivalent-circuit model; immersed receiving antennas; impedance; method of moments; military antennas; off-shore measurements; scattered electric field; seawater immersed VLF antennas; surface-wave theory; underwater antenna; underwater electric antenna; voltage; wire terminals; Antenna measurements; Antenna theory; Closed-form solution; Computer simulation; Electromagnetic fields; Electromagnetic scattering; Receiving antennas; Sea measurements; Sea surface; Voltage measurement;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Antennas and Propagation Magazine, IEEE

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

1045-9243

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/74.544398

Filename

544398