Electrically small antennas

Small, essentially vertical antennas over a highly-conducting ground plane are studied both experimentally and theoretically. The range of dimensions dealt with (including image) is between one-sixth and one-third of a wavelength. Of all possible cases, those studied are limited to configurations with no ground connection other than at the feeding terminal. It is found that by adding extra wires to the basic `inverted-L¿ antenna one can increase both the input impedance and the bandwidth.