Title :
Doppler ultrasound
Author_Institution :
Adv. Technol. Lab., Bothell, WA, USA
Abstract :
The use of Doppler today ranges from assessing blood flow in the fetus and umbilical cord, to flow patterns through valves in the heart or monitoring of blood flow to the brain. This article looks at how the Doppler effect is applied in commercial systems, its clinical uses, and research developments. It is concluded that Doppler ultrasound has progressed over the last 30 years from a simple audio signal to a predominantly subjective image format that still requires an operator and/or interpreter skilled in the art. The improvements in velocity estimation methods and gradual changes in the use of Doppler information suggest that this diagnostic modality will continue to evolve. The most likely directions for this evolution appear to be physiological quantification and reduction in dependence on the user through automation of both the system parameters and measurements
Keywords :
Doppler measurement; biomedical ultrasonics; blood flow measurement; reviews; 30 y; Doppler ultrasound; blood flow monitoring; brain; clinical uses; commercial systems; diagnostic modality; fetus; flow patterns; heart valves; medical diagnostic imaging; physiological quantification; predominantly subjective image format; research developments; simple audio signal; skilled operator; system parameters automation; umbilical cord; velocity estimation methods; Acoustic scattering; Anatomy; Art; Automation; Biomedical monitoring; Blood flow; Doppler effect; Fetus; Fluid flow measurement; Frequency; Heart valves; Ultrasonic imaging; Ultrasonic variables measurement; Vibration measurement;
Journal_Title :
Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, IEEE
