The digital analysis of electron-optical systems

Very accurate methods which are particularly suitable for use on digital computers are described for the analysis of electron-optical systems having cylindrical symmetry. The electric fields are determined using a highly convergent iterative method, and the magnetic fields are determined from analytic expressions fitted to physical measurements of the fields along the axes of the systems. The equations of electron motion are integrated using predictor-corrector methods with automatic control of the integration interval. The methods are sufficiently accurate to permit the detailed analysis of systems in which high-order imaging properties are important. Results obtained for an image orthicon camera tube and an image converter tube are also described.