Parameter Estimation of a Synchronous Generator Using a Sine Cardinal Perturbation and Mixed Stochastic–Deterministic Algorithms

Parameter estimation of synchronous generators has been a topic of interest of many investigators for several decades. Different ratings of synchronous machines have been used, and they vary from fractional to hundreds of megawatts. Several time-domain tests have been proposed, along with their implementation methodology, over the years. Those tests have had different impacts on the synchronous machine; some of them are applied when the machine is at a standstill, while others are applied when the machine is online. This paper deals with the application of a novel standstill time-domain test, which is based on the application of a sine cardinal perturbation, for estimating the parameters of the electrical d-q-axis equivalent circuits of a synchronous generator. The set of fundamental parameters for a 7-kVA 1800-r/min 60-Hz salient-pole wye-connected synchronous generator is obtained using a genetic algorithm, and the resulting model is validated against a sudden three-phase short-circuit test.