Reactive power and energy measurement in the frequency domain using random pulse arithmetic

There is not a universally recognised definition of reactive power which can be applied under non-sinusoidal conditions. In general, a 90° voltage shift is used by reactive meters. A new electronic shifter based on stochastic signal processing is proposed taht allows for simple and cost-effective digital implementation of a reactive power and energy meter. The proposed stochastic arithmetic is able to solve the algebraic equations involved in the calculations of reactive power and energy in the frequency-domain approach