The synthesis of low-pass active RC ladder networks by the recurrent-continuant method

A new procedure for the synthesis of low-pass active RC ladder networks by the recurrent-continuant transformation has been proposed. The transformation scheme consists of simple determinant operations which are carried out subsequent to a frequency transformation and addition of certain parameters to the prescribed all-pole transfer function. The proposed method is more general than those described earlier, and simple as compared with the synthesis procedures based on coefficient matching methods. The method has been illustrated by realizing a number of 3rd and 4th-order characteristic functions. The proposed scheme, with slight modification, is also capable of realizing double ladder networks. The modified scheme has been described with an appropriate example in the third order. The capacitors in all the realized networks have been constrained to be unity. The methods yield multiple sets of values of the network elements and may be used with advantage to obtain optimized networks.