Trigger Board for the Auger Surface Detector With 100 MHz Sampling and Discrete Cosine Transform

The surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory contains 1600 water Cherenkov detectors spread over an area of 3000 km². The Cherenkov light is detected by three 9-inch photomultiplier tubes from which the signals of the anode and last dynode are digitized by 10 bit ADCs. The currently used Front-End Boards equipped with the ACEX^® and Cyclone^® FPGA are sampled with 40 MHz. New requirements from the Auger North (100 MHz) and AMIGA (80 MHz) specification as well as the proposal of new spectral triggers based on the 16-point Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) impose a new Front End Boards with more powerful FPGA chip with a sufficient amount of DSP blocks. The DCT trigger allows recognition of ADC traces with a very short rise time and fast exponential attenuation related to a narrow, flat muon component of very inclined extensive air showers generated by hadrons and starting their development early in the atmosphere. Ten prototype boards equipped with Altera^® Cyclone^® III FPGA have been fabricated and successively tested in the lab and in real pampas conditions in six test surface detectors within April 19 - July 26, 2009. Boards contain only a single FPGA chip, which implements also the slow channel, in previous three generations supported by the external Dual-Port RAM. Tests confirmed full stability and high reliability of the digital part. Both lab and field tests confirm a high efficiency of the recognition of expected patterns of ADC traces.