Title :
Electrical measurements of multipath interference in distributed Raman amplifiers
Author :
Fludger, Chris R S ; Mears, Robert J.
Author_Institution :
Harlow Labs, Nortel Networks, Harlow, UK
fDate :
4/1/2001 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
Measurements of multipath interference (MPI) using an electrical technique have shown that the use of distributed Raman amplification can significantly increase the amount of MPI in a system. The MPI is primarily attributed to double-Rayleigh scattering along the length of the transmission fiber. Analytical expressions for MPI have been developed that give good agreement with measurements and numerical simulations. These can be used to predict the buildup of MPI in a lightwave transmission system. Poor connectors will cause a further increase in MPI by causing back-reflections into the Raman gain cavity
Keywords :
Raman lasers; Rayleigh scattering; laser cavity resonators; laser noise; light interference; optical communication equipment; optical fibre amplifiers; optical fibre testing; Raman gain cavity; back-reflections; distributed Raman amplification; distributed Raman amplifiers; double-Rayleigh scattering; electrical measurements; lightwave transmission system; multipath interference; transmission fiber length; Distributed amplifiers; Electric variables measurement; Interference; Light scattering; Optical amplifiers; Optical fibers; Optical scattering; Raman scattering; Rayleigh scattering; Stimulated emission;
Journal_Title :
Lightwave Technology, Journal of
