Abstract :
THE MOST HIGHLY COVETED award in the world is given annually by the Swedish Royal Academy. On November 1, 1956, the names of the winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics were announced as Dr. W. H. Brattain, Dr. John Bardeen, and Dr. William Shockley. The award was made to these three men because they were instrumental in the “investigations on semi-conductors and the discovery of the transistor effect.”