Prefetching using Markov predictors

Prefetching is one approach to reducing the latency of memory operations in modern computer systems. In this paper, we describe the Markov prefetcher. This prefetcher acts as an interface between the on-chip and off-chip cache and can be added to existing computer designs. The Markov prefetcher is distinguished by prefetching multiple reference predictions from the memory subsystem, and then prioritizing the delivery of those references to the processor. This design results in a prefetching system that provides good coverage, is accurate, and produces timely results that can be effectively used by the processor. We also explored a range of techniques that can be used to reduce the bandwidth demands of prefetching, leading to improved memory system performance. In our cycle-level simulations, the Markov Prefetcher reduces the overall execution stalls due to instruction and data memory operations by an average of 54 percent for various commercial benchmarks while only using two-thirds the memory of a demand-fetch cache organization