PV System With Reconnection to Improve Output Under Nonuniform Illumination

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are often nonuniformly illuminated owing to shadows of neighboring buildings, trees, clouds, etc. In order to reduce the effect of shadows on solar panels, we propose the concept of a PV system with reconnection; this system consists of PV arrays that can be reconnected to minimize the mismatch loss, depending on the output of each of its module, measured at regular time intervals. In this study, the relationship between the output improvement with reconnection and the switching interval is shown. For a 3-kW PV system, under conditions of cloudlessness and cloudiness, a sharp difference in the output improvement relative to the switching interval is not observed. However, under the condition of shading, the output improvement sharply decreases relative to the switching interval; the output improvement at a 1-min switching interval is 0.15 kWh·h (+22.4%). For the 90-kW building-integrated photovoltaic system, during the summer solstice, a sharp difference in the output improvement relative to the switching interval is not observed. However, during the vernal equinox and winter solstice, when a large area of the PV system is shaded for a long period of time, the output improvement sharply decreases relative to the switching interval. The output improvement at a 1-min switching interval is 6.5 kWh·d (+2.9%) during the vernal equinox and 2.3 kWh·d (+3.7%) during winter solstice.