Abstract :
CARRIER relaying is useful principally, but not exclusively, for speedy clearing of ground faults. If ground faults, even though limited in current, are not cleared promptly, an extended fault arc frequently involves another phase conductor and even another line. Also, static wires or conductors may be damaged so as to break, particularly under ice loading. In the near future, relay schemes must be adapted to lines with taps or automatic reclosing or both.