Title :
3-D Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging Using an MEMS-Based Miniature Dual-Axis Confocal Microscope
Author :
Piyawattanametha, Wibool ; Ra, Hyejun ; Mandella, Michael J. ; Loewke, Kevin ; Wang, Thomas D. ; Kino, Gordon S. ; Solgaard, Olav ; Contag, Christopher H.
Author_Institution :
Nat. Electron. & Comput. Technol. Center, Pathumthani, Thailand
Abstract :
We demonstrate a fast miniature microelectro-mechanical-system-based near-infrared fluorescence dual-axis confocal microscope in a 10-mm-diameter package for 3-D imaging in both ex vivo and in vivo samples. The miniature microscope, while in contact with the targeted tissue, can reveal subsurface structure or anatomy as deep as 300 mum. The lateral and axial resolutions are 5 and 7 mum, respectively. Real-time en face mosaicing image of in vivo human skin is demonstrated to enlarge the overall FOV to be over 3 mm at acquisition frame rate of 5 frames/s.
Keywords :
bioMEMS; biomedical optical imaging; fluorescence; image resolution; image segmentation; infrared imaging; medical image processing; micro-optomechanical devices; optical microscopes; skin; 3D near-infrared fluorescence imaging; MEMS; axial resolution; ex vivo samples; human skin; in vivo samples; lateral resolution; microelectromechanical system; miniature dual-axis confocal microscope; real-time en face mosaicing image; size 10 mm; subsurface anatomy; subsurface structure; 2-D; 3-D; en face; in vivo; dual-axis confocal (DAC) microscopy; electrostatic actuation; endoscope; endoscopy; fluorescence imaging; high-resolution imaging; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) scanner; microscope; mosaicing; near-infrared fluorescence imaging; real-time imaging; self-alignment; vertical comb actuators;
Journal_Title :
Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of
DOI :
10.1109/JSTQE.2009.2021533
