Title :
Low-frequency sound interaction with a sloping, refracting ocean bottom
Author :
Collins, Maxwell D. ; Ali, Humayra Binte ; Authement, Mona J. ; Nagl, A. ; Uberall, H. ; Miller, Julian Francis ; Arvelo, Juan I.
Author_Institution :
US Naval Ocean Res. & Dev. Activity, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
fDate :
10/1/1988 12:00:00 AM
Abstract :
The effects of refracting sediments on low-frequency sound propagation in range-dependent oceans are studied with parabolic equation models. The predictions of three sediment sound-speed models for low-frequency propagation are compared. Two factors that result in sediment sound-speed gradients are considered. Variation in static pressure due to the variation in the weight of overlying material causes sediment sound speed to increase with depth. The thermodynamic influence of the ocean results in large sound-speed gradients in a boundary layer in the uppermost layer of the sediment. The associated affects of attenuation on propagation are also considered. Both time-domain and frequency-domain results are presented
Keywords :
acoustic wave propagation; underwater sound; boundary layer; frequency-domain; low-frequency sound propagation; ocean bottom; parabolic equation models; sediments; sound interaction; sound-speed gradients; sound-speed models; static pressure; thermodynamic; time-domain; underwater sound; Acoustic materials; Acoustic propagation; Acoustic refraction; Attenuation; Equations; Oceans; Predictive models; Sediments; Thermodynamics; Time domain analysis;
Journal_Title :
Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of
