Simulation and modeling-the macro modeling of phase locked loops for the SPICE simulator

Author

Sitkowski, M.

Author_Institution

Mentor Graphics Inc., Box Hill, Vic., Australia

Volume

7

Issue

2

fYear

1991

fDate

3/1/1991 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

11

Lastpage

15

Abstract

A modeling approach that uses no semiconductor junctions and no regenerative feedback is described. The voltage-controlled oscillator is implemented by means of a circuit producing essentially infinite ringing, and the comparator characteristics are obtained by means of an odd-order polynomial transfer function. The design of the comparator, phase detector, low-pass filter, and error amplifier are also discussed. Performance of the complete macro-model is such that 8000-point simulations, corresponding to some 150 cycles of local oscillator, can be performed in about 15 min on a platform such as the Sun 3/60, or Apollo DN4500.<>

Keywords

circuit CAD; comparators (circuits); detector circuits; phase-locked loops; variable-frequency oscillators; Apollo DN4500; SPICE simulator; Sun 3/60; comparator characteristics; error amplifier; infinite ringing; local oscillator; low-pass filter; macro modeling; odd-order polynomial transfer function; phase detector; phase locked loops; voltage-controlled oscillator; Circuit simulation; Detectors; Feedback; Local oscillators; Low pass filters; Phase detection; Phase locked loops; Polynomials; Transfer functions; Voltage-controlled oscillators;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Circuits and Devices Magazine, IEEE

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

8755-3996

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/101.75923

Filename

75923