Research abstracts and references

IN RECENT YEARS a number of conferences have been held on various aspects of Research, Development, and Engineering. Most have been directed at practicing managers of R, D and E activities. A few, however, have been conferences among people studying R, D and E as a research subject — research-on-research. The two conferences mentioned below were of this type. Although there was a slight overlap in participation (two people gave papers at both conferences), the foci and orientations were quite different.