Effectiveness of non-penetrating electroporation applicators to function as impedance spectroscopy electrodes

Author

Connolly, Richard J. ; Rey, Jose I. ; Jaroszeski, Mark J. ; Hoff, Andrew M. ; Gilbert, Richard ; Llewellyn, J. Anthony

Author_Institution

Dept. of Chem. & Biomed. Eng., Univ. of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

Volume

16

Issue

5

fYear

2009

fDate

10/1/2009 12:00:00 AM

Firstpage

1348

Lastpage

1355

Abstract

Electroporation is commonly performed to deliver drugs and genes to cells comprising tissues. A possible way to control and confirm delivery is through the use of impedance spectroscopy. Ideally, this tool should not interfere with delivery and should incorporate the use of electrodes, applicators, used for delivery. This work examines impedance spectra obtained with non-penetrating surface applicators commonly used for skin electroporation. After collecting and processing over 9,000 spectra from three animal models it was determined that the electrode systems tested would have no significant effect on the obtained spectra. Therefore, electroporation applicators currently in use could be used concurrently for the collection of impedance spectra.

Keywords

applicators; bioelectric phenomena; biomembrane transport; electric impedance; genetics; animal models; cell membrane; electrodes; gene; impedance spectra; impedance spectroscopy; nonpenetrating electroporation applicators; nonpenetrating surface applicators; skin; Animals; Applicators; Biomedical electrodes; DNA; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Gene expression; Geometry; Impedance measurement; Skin; Surface impedance; Impedance measurement, impedance spectroscopy, bioelectricphenomena, biomembranes, electroporation, electropermeabilization, electrodes.;

fLanguage

English

Journal_Title

Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, IEEE Transactions on

Publisher

ieee

ISSN

1070-9878

Type

jour

DOI

10.1109/TDEI.2009.5293948

Filename

5293948