A practical aspect of over-rooftop multiple-building forward diffraction from a low source

A practical aspect of over-rooftop multiple-building forward diffraction from a low source is presented, including two formulations and an introduction of their application. In particular, the low-loss formulation for multiple diffraction exposes a factor that can account for strong over-rooftop radio propagation. Both low- and high-loss formulations take the advantages of the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction and physical optics (PO) and have the major advantage of significantly shortening the computing time over existing formulations. They behave well, particularly in and near the transition zone, and are written in explicit forms additionally for soft boundary that corresponds to vertical polarization transmission and reception in the horizontal plane. The application in the vertical plane for the total received signal strength prediction is introduced using the formulations for the hard boundary corresponding to vertical polarization transmission and reception