Relationship between photons and electromagnetic waves derived from classical radio principles

A study of the radiation from toroidal aerial systems has shown that the displacement current and vector potential are always emitted in phase-closed loops. The minimal configuration is a `figure of eight´ displacement current. On the assumption that these entities may represent photons, the system is linearly translated to the wavelength of pair production. This provides a relationship that is applicable at all frequencies and involves the fine structure constant. It is shown that at the moment of reception or reflection, the electrical component of a photon is equivalent to a virtual electron-positron pair spaced apart by half a wavelength in the direction of the Poynting vector, and the Maxwellian treatment remains valid