Innovation and technology transfer — The roles and characteristics of individuals

Project SAPPHO, which studied differences between success and failure in innovation, produced information both on the roles played by individuals in the innovation process and on the characteristics of those associated with success. Although the data do not permit as detailed an analysis as other studies which have concentrated specifically on gathering information about people, they do enable some of the existing ideas to be reviewed. Results show little support for the belief that `Product Champions´ can challenge and overcome organizational unsuitability or indifference, but suggest rather that the power, commitment and experience of the Innovation Managers are crucial factors.