Title :
Modal characteristics of ARROW-type vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
Author :
Tae-Woo Lee ; Hagness, S.C. ; Delai Zhou ; Mawst, L.J.
Author_Institution :
Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Wisconsin Univ., Madison, WI, USA
Abstract :
Antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW-type) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers are designed for high-power single-mode operation. A detailed full-vector finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) study shows strong modal discrimination in favor of the fundamental mode for large aperture (>6 μm), large index-step (/spl Delta/n>0.025) simplified ARROW-type devices. The FDTD model identifies the polarization-dependent radiation losses of the higher order modes, which prevent them from reaching laser threshold.
Keywords :
finite difference time-domain analysis; laser modes; laser theory; optical losses; optical waveguides; semiconductor device models; semiconductor lasers; surface emitting lasers; waveguide lasers; 6 mum; ARROW-type; antiresonant reflecting optical waveguide; full-vector finite-difference time-domain study; fundamental mode; high-power single-mode operation; large aperture; large index-step; laser threshold; modal characteristics; polarization-dependent radiation losses; strong modal discrimination; vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers; Finite difference methods; Laser modes; Optical design; Optical surface waves; Optical waveguides; Surface emitting lasers; Surface waves; Time domain analysis; Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers; Waveguide lasers;
Journal_Title :
Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE
