The new code of scientists

This study examines the orientations of scientists toward two value systems: the classical scientific ethos and the more recent social ethic of science. The sample is comprised of Soviet and United States scientists who immigrated to Israel in the early 1970´s. Comparing Soviet and American scientists, it is found that the two groups generally resemble each other regarding the standards of scientific conduct, but differ in their conception of the relationship between science and society. In the latter aspect, the Soviet scientists exhibit a stronger social consciousness than their American colleagues.