Integrated management in matrix organization

Effective project management requires that all planning and management control activities be fully integrated. Planning must encompass operational, tactical, and strategic considerations; functionally oriented efforts must be properly blended into a unified whole; and project technical performance, cost, and schedule parameters must be integrated into a systemic composite. Viewed from this perspective, integrated management has both an organizational component and a program component that are distinct yet interrelated. The conceptual basis of these two components of integrated management are explored from a systemic viewpoint.